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Analysis of drill debris in/on bone samples: Part 3 - Final report project "Tools, Technology, Research for implant placement with guided system" Authors: P. Bottenberg, Z. Teodorovic, J. Vereecken, B. Truyen, C. Boca and J. Cornelis Publisher: ETRO-IRIS Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Publication Date: Dec. 2009
Abstract: In the literature, no clues could be found whether drill debris has been detected in implant drill sites. It is possible that debris contaminates the drill site, however toxic effects would be expected to be low. Since this aspect of implant drilling has hitherto not been described, it seems worth while to attempt a qualitative study using the material of the thermographic study. The method of choice is to evaluate the presence of drill debris in a qualitative (or semi-quantitative) way by the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy in connection to EDAX (energy dispersive analysis of X-rays). This device detects secondary X-rays generated by the electron beam hitting the target. Each metal has a typical spectrum that can be analyzed using a detector and appropriate software. The height of the peaks can give an estimate of the quantity but is only reliable when an appropriate standard is scanned. In a preliminary experiment, bone samples containing cortical and cancellous bone were prepared and drilled with a laboratory steel drill. This drill is expected to be sufficiently soft to leave traces of debris in the drill hole. 3 holes were drilled. The drill holes are placed in a line so that the bone sample is weakened and can be freeze-fractured along this line (cutting the sample would possibly lead to contamination). The internal surface of the drill holes is then sputter-coated with carbon and observed under SEM in connection with EDAX.
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